Syphilis

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Syphilis (caused by Treponema pallidum, a bacteria)

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

1st stage (primary syphilis)

• Symptoms begin 1-12 weeks after exposure

• A painless, open sore(s) on the mouth, genitals or

anus

• Sore(s) can be “hidden” in the vagina or rectum

• Sore(s) last 1-5 weeks

• Sore(s) goes away, but syphilis is still in the blood

2nd stage (secondary syphilis)

• Symptoms show up 6 weeks to 6 months after

sore appears

• A rash anywhere on the body

• Flu-like symptoms

• Whitish-grey patches on mouth/lips, wart-like

lesions around genitals, and/or hair loss can occur

but are less common

Latent stage

• No sores or rashes, but syphilis is still in the blood

and can affect the heart, brain and other organs

over time (tertiary syphilis)

TRANSMISSION

Syphilis is spread by:

• Vaginal sex

• Oral sex

• Anal sex

• Infected mother to newborn

COMPLICATIONS

If left untreated, syphilis can:

• Spread to sex partners

• Cause heart disease

• Cause blindness

• Cause brain damage

• Make it easier to transmit or acquire HIV during

sex

During pregnancy, syphilis may cause:

• Stillbirths in pregnant women

• Congenital birth defects

• Severe damage to bones, brain, lungs, liver and

other organs in infected infants

PREVENTION OF SYPHILIS

• Avoiding vaginal, oral or anal sex is the best

way to prevent STDs.

• Latex condoms, when used consistently and

correctly, can reduce the risk of syphilis only

when the infected areas are covered or protected

by the condom.

• Always use latex condoms during vaginal and

anal sex.

• Use a latex condom for oral sex on a penis.

• Use a latex barrier (dental dam or condom cut in

half) for oral sex on a vagina or anus.

• Limit the number of sex partners.

• Notify sex partners immediately if infected.

• Make sure partners are tested and treated.

SYPHILIS TESTING AND TREATMENT

• Get a test from a medical provider if infection is suspected.

• Syphilis can be cured using medication

prescribed by medical provider.

• Partners should be treated at same time.

NOTE: A person can be re-infected after treatment of syphilis.

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